CNC lathes can be divided into two categories: horizontal and vertical. There are two types of horizontal lathes: horizontal guide rails and inclined guide rails. Higher-grade CNC horizontal cars generally use inclined guide rails. According to the number of turrets, it can be divided into single-turret CNC lathes and double-turret CNC turning center. The former is controlled by two coordinates, and the latter is controlled by 4 coordinates. Most double-turret horizontal cars use inclined guide rails.CNC lathes, like ordinary lathes, are also used to process the rotating surface of parts. Generally, it can automatically complete the processing of outer cylindrical surface, conical surface, spherical surface, and thread, and can also process some complex rotary surfaces, such as hyperboloids. The workpiece installation methods of lathes and ordinary lathes are the same.
To improve processing efficiency, hydraulic, pneumatic, and electric chucks are mostly used on CNC lathes.The shape of the CNC lathe is similar to that of the ordinary lathe, that is, it is composed of the bed, the spindle box, the tool holder, the feed system, the pressure system, the cooling and lubrication system, and other parts. The feed system of CNC tunring center is qualitatively different from ordinary lathes. Traditional ordinary lathes have feed boxes and exchange gear racks, while CNC lathes directly use servo motors to drive slide plates and tool holders through ball screws to achieve feed movement. The structure of the feed system is greatly simplified.
There are many kinds of CNC lathes with different specifications, which can be classified according to the following methods.
Vertical CNC lathe is referred to as CNC vertical lathe for short. Its lathe spindle is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and a circular worktable with a large diameter is used to clamp the workpiece. This type of machine tool is mainly used to process large and complex parts with large radial dimensions and relatively small axial dimensions.
Horizontal CNC turning center is divided into CNC horizontal guide horizontal lathe and CNC inclined guide horizontal lathe. Its inclined rail structure can make the lathe more rigid and easy to remove chips.
This type of lathe has no tailstock and is suitable for turning disc (including short shaft) parts. The clamping method is mostly electric or hydraulic control, and the chuck structure mostly has adjustable jaws or non-hardened jaws (that is, soft jaws).
This type of lathe is equipped with an ordinary tailstock or a CNC tailstock, which is suitable for turning long parts and disk parts with a small diameter.
(1) The economical CNC lathe is a simple CNC lathe formed by transforming the feed system of an ordinary lathe with a stepping motor and a single-chip microcomputer. The cost is low, but the degree of automation and functions are relatively poor, and the turning precision is not high. It is suitable for turning processing of rotary parts with low requirements.
(2) Ordinary CNC lathes are specially designed in structure according to the requirements of turning processing and equipped with general CNC system. The CNC system has strong functions, high degree of automation and high machining accuracy, and is suitable for turning of general rotary parts. . This CNC lathe can control two coordinate axes at the same time, that is, the X axis and the Z axis.
(3) On the basis of ordinary CNC lathes, the turning center adds C-axis and power head. More advanced CNC lathes have tool magazines, which can control the three coordinate axes of X, Z and C. The linkage control axis can be ( X, Z), (X, C) or (Z, C). Due to the addition of the C-axis and the milling power head, the processing function of this turning cneter is greatly enhanced. In addition to general turning, it can perform radial and axial milling, surface milling, holes whose centerline is not at the center of rotation of the part, and radial holes. drilling and other processing.