Vertical machine center (English abbreviation is CNC, full name is Computerized Numerical Control): It is a highly automated multifunctional CNC machine tool with a tool magazine and automatic tool changer.
After the workpiece is once clamped on the machining center, the digital control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and replace the tool according to different procedures, automatically change the machine tool spindle speed, feed rate, and the movement track of the tool relative to the workpiece and other auxiliary functions. Multi-process processing on several surfaces of the workpiece. And there are multiple tool changing or tool selection functions so that the production efficiency is greatly improved.
The vertical machine center refers to the machining center with the axis of the spindle and the workbench arranged vertically. It is mainly suitable for processing complex parts such as plates, discs, molds, and small shells. The vertical machining center can complete the processes of milling, boring, drilling, tapping, and thread cutting. The vertical machining center has at least three axes and two linkages, and generally, three axes and three linkages can be realized. Some can carry out five-axis and six-axis control.
According to the form of the guide rails of each axis of the vertical machining center, it can be divided into hard rails and line rails. The hard rail is suitable for heavy cutting, and the linear rail movement is more sensitive.
The spindle speed of the vertical machining center is 6000-15000rpm as the low-speed type, and above 18000rpm as the high-speed type.
According to the bed structure of the vertical machine center, it can be divided into C type and gantry type.
The vertical machining center refers to the machining center with the main shaft in a vertical state. Its structure is mostly a fixed column. The workbench is rectangular and has no indexing and rotating function. It is suitable for processing discs, sleeves, and plate parts. It generally has three linear motions. A coordinate axis and a turntable that rotates along the horizontal axis can be installed on the workbench to process helical parts.
The vertical machine center is easy to install, easy to operate, easy to observe the processing situation, easy to debug the program, and widely used. However, limited by the height of the column and the tool changer, parts that are too high cannot be processed. When processing a cavity or a concave surface, the chips are not easy to discharge. In severe cases, the tool will be damaged and the processed surface will be damaged, which will affect the smooth progress of processing.
Horizontal machining center refers to the machining center with the main shaft in a horizontal state. It usually has a rotary table with automatic indexing. It generally has 3 to 5 motion coordinates. The common one is three linear motion coordinates plus one rotary motion coordinate. The workpiece After one clamping, the processing of the other four surfaces except for the mounting surface and the top surface is completed. It is most suitable for adding box parts. Compared with the vertical machining center, the horizontal machining center is easy to remove chips during machining, which is beneficial to machining, but the structure is complex. The price is higher.
First of all, it is necessary to clarify whether the processed product is suitable for the machining center. Generally speaking, multi-process concentrated, complex positioning, or complex-shaped workpieces are suitable for machining centers, such as boxes and plates.
Determine the required worktable size and three-axis stroke according to the size of the workpiece. The worktable size should ensure that the workpiece can be clamped and processed smoothly. It must be within the stroke of each axis. In addition, the tool change space and the interference of each coordinate should also be considered. area restrictions.
According to the precision requirements of the workpiece to be processed, the machine tool with the corresponding precision level is selected.
Selection of the tool magazine capacity of the machining center: Machine tool manufacturers usually use two or three tool magazines with different capacities for the same specification of machine tools. When selecting, the required quantity can be determined according to the process analysis results, usually based on the needs Determined by the number of tools required for a part in one setup.